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Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (; 23 October or November 64/63 BC – 12 BC) was a Roman statesman, general and architect. He was a close friend, son-in-law, and lieutenant to Augustus and was responsible for the construction of some of the most beautiful buildings in the history of Rome and for important military victories, most notably at the Battle of Actium against the forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra. As a result of these victories Octavian became the first Roman Emperor, adopting the name of Augustus. Agrippa assisted Augustus in making Rome a city of marble〔http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/basics101/f/011508Marble.htm〕 and renovating aqueducts to give all Romans, from every social class, access to the highest quality public services. He was responsible for the creation of many baths, porticoes and gardens and was once thought to have commissioned the construction of the Pantheon. Agrippa was also father-in-law to the second Emperor Tiberius, maternal grandfather to Caligula, and maternal great-grandfather to the Emperor Nero.
==Early life==
Agrippa was born between 23 October and 23 November in 64–62 BC,〔Dio (54.28.3 ) places Agrippa's death in late March 12 BC, while Pliny the Elder (7.46 ) states that he died "in his fifty-first year". Depending on whether Pliny meant that Agrippa was aged 50 or 51 at his death, this gives a date of birth between March 64 and March 62. His family cognomen was the Latin form of Greek ''Agrippas'', meaning "wild horse". A calendar from Cyprus or Syria includes a month named after Agrippa beginning on November 1, which may reflect the month of his birth. See Reinhold, pp. 2–4; Roddaz, pp. 23–26.〕 in an uncertain location.〔 His father was perhaps called Lucius Vipsanius Agrippa.〔cf Pantheon inscription "M·AGRIPPA·L·F·COS·TERTIVM·FECIT" ().〕 He had an elder brother whose name was also Lucius Vipsanius Agrippa, and a sister named Vipsania Polla. The family had not been prominent in Roman public life.〔Velleius Paterculus (2.96 ), (127 ).〕 However, Agrippa was about the same age as Octavian (the future emperor Augustus), and the two were educated together and became close friends. Despite Agrippa's association with the family of Julius Caesar, his elder brother chose another side in the civil wars of the 40s BC, fighting under Cato against Caesar in Africa. When Cato's forces were defeated, Agrippa's brother was taken prisoner but freed after Octavian interceded on his behalf.〔Nicolaus of Damascus, ''(Life of Augustus )'' 7.〕
It is not known whether Agrippa fought against his brother in Africa, but he probably served in Caesar's campaign of 46–45 BC against Gnaeus Pompeius, which culminated in the Battle of Munda.〔Reinhold, pp. 13–14.〕 Caesar regarded him highly enough to send him with Octavius in 45 BC to study in Apollonia (on the Illyrian coast) with the Macedonian legions, while Caesar consolidated his power in Rome.〔Suetonius, ''Life of Augustus'' (94.12 ).〕 In the fourth month of their stay in Apollonia the news of Julius Caesar's assassination in March 44 BC reached them. Agrippa and another friend, Quintus Salvidienus Rufus, advised Octavius to march on Rome with the troops from Macedonia, but Octavius decided to sail to Italy with a small retinue. After his arrival, he learned that Caesar had adopted him as his legal heir.〔Nicolaus of Damascus, ''(Life of Augustus )'' 16–17; Velleius Paterculus (2.59.5 ).〕 Octavius at this time took Caesar's name, but modern historians refer to him as "Octavian" during this period.
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